Puncture Proof / Thorn Resistant / Heavy Duty / etc.
These are a few terms used to describe specific tyres and tubes. They are designed to heighten protection (over more regular / standard) tyres and tubes, however they are no fully proofed against punctures.
They can give a logical advantage over a regular tyre/tube and can reduce punctures and issues associated with this, however please note they do not stop punctures occurring. Only a solid tyre can achieve this 100%.
Put simply, they can defend against a range of 'foreign objects' that would puncture a tyre/tube, however it all depends on the foreign object if this defence can work.
These products with these advantages can decrease the odds of having an issue (over a standard product) however, also the first time they are used the can puncture if the foreign object is big/sharp enough!
Sealants / Gels / Slimes / etc.
These are a few terms used to describe specific tube features. They are designed to heighten protection (over more regular / standard) tyres and tubes, however they are no fully proofed against punctures / able to repair all types and sizes of puncture.
They can give a logical advantage over a regular tube and can reduce punctures causing a tyre's deflation (and issues associated with this), however please note they do not stop punctures occurring. Only a solid tyre can achieve this 100%.
Put simply, they can defend against a range of 'foreign objects' that would puncture a tyre/tube, they can self-repair certain size punctures, however it all depends on the foreign object if this defence/repair can work.
These products with these advantages can decrease the odds of having an issue (over a standard product) however, also the first time they are used the can puncture/not self-repair if the foreign object is big/sharp enough!